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BIO 130: Microbiology

Reference guide for finding scientific articles and citing them in APA style

Why Use Keywords?

It is important to identify keywords before you search:

  • Keywords are "key nouns" that describe your search
  • Databases describe the content of an article using keywords (sometimes called subject headings)
  • Keywords can be combined in order to focus your search on two or more topics (e.g., tuberculosis AND pneumonia)
  • Databases do not respond to full sentences, only keywords

Identifying Keywords

STEP 1: Write down your initial research question. 

STEP 2:  Ask questions about your question….OR, use a topic map.

STEP 3: Underline or circle the main ideas in each question. 

STEP 4: Identify the key nouns and brainstorm synonyms.  

STEP 5: Use some of these key nouns – keywords – in your search. 

STEP 6:  Read article titles and summaries.

STEP 7: Combine keywords with the word AND.  

STEP 8: Be persistent. 

Topic Map

Topic Map Example

Topic map completed with keywords and questions about tuberculosis, vaccination, and pregnancy