BIO 130: Microbiology

Created by Michael Fosmire.  Designed & Illustrated by Aly Edmondson.

How to Read a Scientific Paper by Michael Fosmire is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

DOI = Digital Object Identifier

• A unique code or a unique URL (webpage link) given to a journal article. 
• Use a DOI in your citations in References List or Works Cited.  

DOI Examples: 

• 10.1080/02602938.2020.1845606
• https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2020.1845606

Example APA Citation with DOI: 

• Fokkens-Bruinsma, M., Vermue, C., Deinum, J.-F., & van Rooij, E. (2021). First-year academic achievement: the role of academic self-efficacy, self-regulated learning and beyond classroom engagement. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 46(7), 1115–1126. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2020.1845606

URL = Universal resource locator

• A unique link given to a website page.
• Use in your citation in your References page, if DOI is unavailable. 
• Instead of using the URL in the browser search box, use the "Permalink" or "Link" button within a database.